The origins of Gaijatra trace back to the 17th century during the reign of King Pratap Malla of Nepal. The king lost his young son, which plunged the queen into deep sorrow and despair. To console the grieving queen and bring some cheer back into her life, King Pratap Malla initiated the Festival of Cows. During this festival, people dressed in vibrant costumes, and decorated cows symbolized the deceased loved ones. The king wanted to convey to the queen that she was not alone in her grief; many others had also lost their loved ones, and that death is a natural phenomenon that no one can escape.
According to ancient Hindu legends, Yama, the God of Death, sends black crows to guard the entrance to heaven. On the day of Gaijatra, hundreds of souls are believed to be waiting outside the gates of heaven, awaiting Yama’s judgment. The journey to heaven is considered extremely difficult, as it involves crossing a burning river. However, many Nepalese believe that if the deceased can catch the tail of a cow, their journey to heaven becomes much easier. It is believed that the gates of heaven are open for only one day each year, making it imperative for families who have lost loved ones to participate in the grand cow procession in Kathmandu.
On the morning of Gaijatra, local Newars begin the day by giving a bath to their cows, with special attention to cleaning their tails. The cows are then adorned with red tika and beautiful garlands as part of the rituals. If a cow is not available, young boys are dressed up as cows to represent the deceased. The cow procession, which parades around the entire Kathmandu Valley, is a vibrant and boisterous affair. The participants deliberately walk through temples, sacred statues, and other holy sites, believing that this act will help guide the souls of the deceased. As the procession passes by, people offer food, gifts, and small amounts of money to the cow-like boys, believing that such acts of giving will bring them good luck in the days to come.
Gaijatra is more than just a festival; it is a profound cultural tradition that blends grief with celebration, showing a unique way of honoring the dead while embracing life. The Festival of Cows not only provides comfort to those who mourn but also reinforces the belief that death is a part of the natural cycle. Through colorful processions, rituals, and community participation, Gaijatra continues to be a vibrant expression of Nepalese culture, embodying a deep respect for life, death, and the spiritual journey beyond.
Sanchit Thapa Chhetri (Grade: 10)